Integration of artificial intelligence into public life: some ethical and legal problems

Authors

  • Александр Викторович Малышкин Vladimir State University named after A. G. and N. G. Stoletovs, 87, ul. Gor’kogo, Vladimir, 600000, Russian Federation

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2019.303

Abstract

The spread of artificial intelligence systems raises a number of technical, philosophical, legal and ethical issues related to the admissibility of using artificial intelligence in various fields, and the need to comply with ethical standards in the creation of artificial intelligence systems, as well as the possibility of introducing ethical standards in the decision-making process of artificial intelligence. Since for many people religion is the basis of the worldview, present in public life as ethics, not dogmatics, the study of various aspects of the relationship between religion and artificial intelligence is also extremely important. The author analyzes the ethical and religious problems associated with the creation and distribution of artificial intelligence systems and proposes ways of legal regulation of new social relations associated with the use of artificial intelligence. The author explores the following problems: the ability of artificial intelligence to be a subject of law; liability of artificial intelligence; sacralization of artificial intelligence; the responsibility for harm caused by artificial intelligence systems; the adoption of artificial intelligence decisions concerning the rights and duties of people; increasing stratification and inequality; mass unemployment; intellectual superiority of the carriers of artificial intelligence over man; alienation of people from each other, the loneliness of man; the ability to follow ethical standards when artificial intelligence makes decisions.

Keywords:

artificial intelligence, robots, religion, ethics, moral aspects of robotics, legal regulation, social regulation, integrated jurisdiction

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
 

References

Библиография

Гайва, Евгений. 2019. Греф рассказал о миллиардных потерях из-за искусственного интеллекта. Дата обращения 28 февраля, 2019. https://rg.ru/ 2019/02/26/gref-rasskazal-o-milliardnyh-poteriah-izza-iskusstvennogo-intellekta.html.

Карпов, Валерий Э., Павел М. Готовцев, Григорий В. Ройзензон. 2018. «К вопросу об этике и системах искусственного интеллекта». Философия и общество 2: 84–105.

Куликов, Владислав. 2018. «Но трогать ее не моги. Предлагается разрешить взыскивать компенсацию морального вреда за гибель домашних любимцев». Российская газета — Федеральный выпуск 153 (7616): 3.

Ларичев, Олег И. 2006. Вербальный анализ решений. М.: Наука.

Лефевр, Владимир А. 2003. Алгебра совести. М.: Когито-Центр.

Морхат, Петр М. 2018. Правосубъектность искусственного интеллекта в сфере права интеллектуальной собственности: гражданско-правовые проблемы. Дис. … д-ра юрид. наук, Российская государственная академия интеллектуальной собственности.

Потапейко, Павел. 2018. Развитие искусственного интеллекта в ЕАЭС: взгляд из Беларуси. Дата обращения 28 февраля, 2019. http://eurasia.expert/razvitie-iskusstvennogo-intellekta-v-eaes-vzglyadiz-belarusi/.

Проскурякова, Мария И. 2018. «Электронное правосудие в Германии: актуальное состояние и перспективы развития». Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Право 3: 433–447.

Синельникова, Валентина Н., Олег В. Ревинский. 2017. «Права на результаты искусственного интеллекта». Копирайт 4: 17–27.

Шнуренко, Игорь. 2019. «Искусственный интеллект на грани нервного срыва». Эксперт 1–3 (1103): 39–42.

Beres, Derek. 2018. “Are A. I. churches and “tech faith” cults the future of religion?” Дата обращения 7 марта, 2019. https://bigthink.com/21st-century-spirituality/are-religion-and-artificial-intelligencecompatible.

Calo, Ryan M. 2009. “People Can Be So Fake: A New Dimension to Privacy and Technology Scholarship”. Penn State Law Review, vol. 114, no. 3 (2010): 809–855.

Campbell, Heidi A., Stephen Garner. 2016. Networked Theology: Negotiating Faith in Digital Culture. Michigan: Baker Academic.

Delvaux, Mady (report.) 2016. Draft report with recommendation to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics. Committee on Legal Affairs of European Parliament. Дата обращения 28 февраля, 2019. http://robotrends.ru/images/1702/853648/DraftReport_with_recommendations_to_the_comission_on_civil_Law_Rules_on_Robotics.pdf.

Deva, Surya. 2012. “Can Robots have Human Rights Obligations? A Futuristic Exploration”. The Law of the future and the future of Law 2, ed. by Sam Muller, 185–193. The Hague: Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher.

Duffer, Ellen. 2017. As Artificial Intelligence advances, what are its religious implications? Дата обращения 3 марта, 2019. https://religionandpolitics.org/2017/08/29/as-artificial-intelligence-advances-whatare-its-religious-implications/.

Gervás, Pablo. 2019. “WASP: Evaluation of different strategies for the automatic generation of Spanish verse”. Дата обращения 1 марта, 2019. https://scholar.google.ru/citations?user=AcY-Y2gAAAAJ.

Harris, Mark. 2017. “Inside the first church of artificial intelligence”. Дата обращения 28 февраля, 2019. https://www.wired.com/story/anthony-levandowski-artificial-intelligence-religion/.

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. n. d. “Ethically Aligned Design”. Дата обращения 8 марта,2019. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/.

Jung, Kitae, Chung Koohong, Yeo Hwasoo. 2014. “A Dynamic Pricing Strategy for High Occupancy Toll Lanes”. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 67: 69–80.

Kamener, Larry. 2017. “Courting change: the verdict on AI and the courts”. Дата обращения 7 марта, 2019. https://www.centreforpublicimpact.org/courting-change-verdict-ai-courts.

Kurzweil, Raymond. 1990. The Age of Intelligent Machines. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Merritt, Jonathan. 2017. “Is AI a threat to Christianity?” The Atlantic 2: 2–4.

Musaddique, Shafi. 2018. How artificial intelligence is shaping religion in the 21st century. Дата обращения 28 февраля, 2019. https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/11/how-artificial-intelligence-is-shaping-religionin-the-21st-century.html.

Stone, Peter et al. 2016. Artificial Intelligence and Life in 2030: One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence. Stanford: Stanford University. Дата обращения 28 февраля, 2019. https://ai100.stanford.edu/sites/g/files/sbiybj9861/f/ai100report10032016fnl_singles.pdf.

References

Beres, Derek. 2018. “Are A. I. churches and “tech faith” cults the future of religion?” Accessed March 7 , 2019. https://bigthink.com/21st-century-spirituality/are-religion-and-artificial-intelligencecompatible.

Calo, Ryan M. 2009. “People Can Be So Fake: A New Dimension to Privacy and Technology Scholarship”. Penn State Law Review, vol. 114, no. 3 (2010): 809–855.

Campbell, Heidi A., Stephen Garner. 2016. Networked Theology: Negotiating Faith in Digital Culture. Michigan: Baker Academic.

Delvaux, Mady (report.) 2016. Draft report with recommendation to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics. Committee on Legal Affairs of European Parliament. Accessed February 28, 2019. http://robotrends.ru/images/1702/853648/DraftReport_with_recommendations_to_the_comission_on_civil_Law_Rules_on_Robotics.pdf.

Deva, Surya. 2012. “Can Robots have Human Rights Obligations? A Futuristic Exploration”. The Law of the future and the future of Law 2, ed. by Sam Muller, 185–193. The Hague: Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher.

Duffer, Ellen. 2017. As Artificial Intelligence advances, what are its religious implications? Accessed March 3, 2019. https://religionandpolitics.org/2017/08/29/as-artificial-intelligence-advances-whatare-its-religious-implications/.

Gaiva, Evgenii. 2019. Gref told about the billions of losses because of artificial intelligence. Accessed February 28, 2019. https://rg.ru/2019/02/26/gref-rasskazal-o-milliardnyh-poteriah-iz-za-iskusstvennogo-intellekta.html. (In Russian)

Gervás, Pablo. 2019. “WASP: Evaluation of different strategies for the automatic generation of Spanish verse”. Accessed March 1, 2019. https://scholar.google.ru/citations?user=AcY-Y2gAAAAJ.

Harris, Mark. 2017. “Inside the first church of artificial intelligence”. Accessed February 28, 2019. https://www.wired.com/story/anthony-levandowski-artificial-intelligence-religion/.

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. n. d. “Ethically Aligned Design”. Accessed March 8, 2019. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/.

Jung, Kitae, Chung Koohong, Yeo Hwasoo. 2014. “A Dynamic Pricing Strategy for High Occupancy Toll Lanes”. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 67: 69–80.

Kamener, Larry. 2017. “Courting change: the verdict on AI and the courts”. Accessed March 7, 2019. https://www.centreforpublicimpact.org/courting-change-verdict-ai-courts.

Karpov, Valerii E., Pavel M. Gotovtsev, Grigorii V. Roizenzon. 2018. “On the issue of ethics and artificial intelligence systems”. Filosofiia i obshchestvo 2: 84–105. (In Russian)

Kulikov, Vladislav. 2018. “But you couldn’t touch her. It is offered to allow to exact compensation of moral harm for death of pets”. Rossiiskaia gazeta — Federal’nyi vypusk 153 (7616): 3. (In Russian)

Kurzweil, Raymond. 1990. The Age of Intelligent Machines. Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press.

Larichev, Oleg I. 2006. Verbal analysis of decisions. Moscow, Nauka Publ. (In Russian)

Lefevr, Vladimir A. 2003. Algebra of conscience. Moscow, Kogito-Tsentr Publ. (In Russian)

Merritt, Jonathan. 2017. “Is AI a threat to Christianity?” The Atlantic 2: 2–4.

Morkhat, Petr M. 2018. Legal personality of artificial intelligence in the field of intellectual property law: civil law problems. PhD Thesis, Russian State Academy of Intellectual Property. (In Russian)

Musaddique, Shafi. 2018. How artificial intelligence is shaping religion in the 21st century. Accessed February 28, 2019. https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/11/how-artificial-intelligence-is-shaping-religionin-the-21st-century.html.

Potapeiko, Pavel. 2018. Development of artificial intelligence in the EEU: a view from Belarus. Accessed February 28, 2019. http://eurasia.expert/razvitie-iskusstvennogo-intellekta-v-eaes-vzglyad-iz-belarusi/. (In Russian)

Proskuriakova, Mariia I. 2018. “E-Justice in Germany: Current status and development prospects”. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Pravo 3: 433–447. (In Russian)

Sinel’nikova, Valentina N., Oleg V. Revinskii. 2017. “Rights to the results of artificial intelligence”. Kopirait 4: 17–27.(In Russian)

Shnurenko, Igor’. 2019. “Artificial intelligence on the verge of a nervous breakdown”. Ekspert 1–3 (1103): 39–42. (In Russian)

Stone, Peter et al. 2016. Artificial Intelligence and Life in 2030: One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence. Stanford: Stanford University. Accessed February 28, 2019. https://ai100.stanford.edu/sites/g/files/sbiybj9861/f/ai100report10032016fnl_singles.pdf.

Published

2019-10-09

How to Cite

Малышкин, А. В. (2019). Integration of artificial intelligence into public life: some ethical and legal problems. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law, 10(3), 444–460. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2019.303

Issue

Section

Public and Private Law