Система досудебного производства в уголовном процессе Российской Федерации: нужно ли возвращаться к французской типовой модели?

Sergei B. Rossinskiy

doi:10.21638/spbu14.2024.406

Authors

Sergei B. Rossinskiy Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3862-3188

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.406

Abstract

The article analyzes the possibilities of reintroducing into national practice of preliminary investigation the already once applied “French” standard model of pre-trial proceedings, which is based on the distinction between the work of the police and the criminal procedural activities of special judicial investigative officials. The main advantages of this model are revealed in the modern realities of the existence of Russian society and Russian statehood. According to the author, this is a predisposition to the traditional needs of the majority of the population in the fight against crime, as well as the ability to overcome a number of doctrinal, legal and practical problems that arose due to the gradual Soviet transformations of the pre-revolutionary criminal justice system. At the same time, the shortcomings of such a model are explored. This is the severity, duration, high degree of bureaucracy and the high cost of maintaining and operating the judicial and investigative apparatus. In addition, the geographical and demographic characteristics of the Russian Federation are taken into account. And finally, the archival documents discovered by the author of the article are examined in detail, which indicate ambiguous and even very negative assessments of the practice of implementing similar mechanisms in the pre-revolutionary period. As a result, a conclusion is formulated: modern Russian society and the state are clearly not ready for the further development of pre-trial criminal justice according to classical French canons. In particular, there is no readiness to restore the corps of special judicial and investigative officials that existed in the Russian Empire, endowed with full, or at least the overwhelming majority, powers in the field of investigation of criminal cases. At the same time, it is argued that it is necessary to preserve certain elements of the French standard model of pre-trial proceedings.

Keywords:

pre-trial proceedings, powers of the investigator, preliminary investigation, continental criminal process, investigator, investigative judge, forensic investigator, french pre-trial proceedings

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References

Библиография

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